THE INDIGENOUS WITHINA Cross Curricular StudyWhat is their language?
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Combinations of Spanish and Guaraní are common in Paraguay.
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Luz Maria Ojeda, Director of a Language School speaking at Maká Indian school. |
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http://www.terere.com/terere/canales/paraguay4u/guaranilanguage/guaranifactsabout.php |
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Paraguay is unique in that one of the native languages, Guarani, remains commonly used throughout the country. Threads of the Guarani language are interwoven into Paraguayan culture. Guarani and Spanish languages have been used in dialog for over 400 years. How did Guarani develop? During the 1500's the arrival of Spanish speaking Conqueros and Missionaries customs altered the evolution of the Indigenous people. Beliefs, customs and language changed as a result of the encounters. For example, when nomadic groups formed villages, which was unlike their custom, the need for different words and communication became necessary. Paraguay has two distinct geographical regions, the Chaco, or plains and the eastern region which was more forested. Prior two the arrival of the Spaniards groups from the two areas fought. Spaniards offered help to in return for assistance through the harsh land enroute to Bolivia and their pursuit of gold. The Guarani also offered women to the Spaniards who later returned to Guarani speaking children. Women and isolation kept the language intact, a key to a necessary alliance. The arrival of the Jesuit missionaries also affected the native language. A written form emerged as a result. How will this language continue to evolve?
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Languages in Paraguay, as with many other places, developed from needs to communicate and reflects the unique relationship to geography and the natural world in which the native people live. Words like "Paraguay" and "Parana" describe important waterways. "Itaipu" means rocks that sing. Jaguar and other animal and plant names have Guarani roots. Many of the Guarani words are onomatopoetic, which means they sound like their meaning. For example, piriri-shiver, sununu-thunder, pororo-popcorn, chororo-water running. Why has Guarani persisted while other languages are lost? Could it be partially attributed to the suggestion that their lifestyle and beliefs allowed them to take time to sit and talk and teach?
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Five distinctive linguistic families exist in Paraguay, out of which a number of various languages and dialects arose. Out of those, Paraguayan Guarani became most commonly used. A survey of customary speech indicated that 50% of Paraguay's population speaks Spanish and Guarani and an additional 37% speak Guarani only. Although 87% of the people speak Guarani, it took until 1990 to declare it a second official language along with Spanish.
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How did this language evolve? How does the language reflect the values of the people that use it? What is being done to preserve this language? What is the importance of maintaining this language? Links for exploring languageLearn some Guaraní on-linehttp://www.terhttp://www.terere.com/terere/canales/paraguay4u/guaranilanguage/guarani.phpere.com/terere/canales/paraguay4u/guaranilanguage/guarani.php http://www.falevi.edu.py http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~sngynan/f99paper.html http://www.ipola.org/resources/directory/index.html http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/10/g912/globalization.html http://www.uni-mainz.de/~lustig/guarani/ http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-guarani.htm http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/guides/guarani.html http://www.ethnologue.com/ |
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| Use a language dictionary to
write a postcard in Guarani or another native language. TAP guia Paraguay is a guidebook that has a language dictionary in four languages including Guarani. |
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| What words do you need to communicate?
What are the effects of language barriers? Make a list of the most important
words and phrases. Invent your own language words for your list. Meet with
a different group and try to communicate. |
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Jajoecha peve. See you later. |
Introduction
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Objectives
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Who are they?
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History
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Language
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Arts and crafts
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Endangered species
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Future
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Resources
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Assessment
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Jennifer
Klimsza, Art Teacher, Joseph Middle/High School
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Lori
Kissinger, Elementary Teacher, Joseph Elementary School
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Jennesta
Nettles, University of Idaho
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